Egypt was the first state to establish a system of administration and a capital where the administrative and religious centre lies
During the late predynastic period confederations started to emerge with political heads or kings and capital in lower or northern Egypt the capital was Buto in the heart of the Delta .the king wore a red crown with a cobra as an emblem in upper or the southern Egypt, the capital Nekhed between Aswan and Luxor the king of which wore a white crown with a vulture as an emblem. The papyrus plant and its flower were the symbol of the North, while the lotus plant and its flower were the symbol of the South.